Introduction: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), previously termed Pierre Robin syndrome, consists of three congenital abnormalities: micrognathia (small mandible), glossoptosis, and cleft palate. In Pierre Robin sequence, the events occur in sequence, with one defect leading to the next. PRS occurs with an incidence of 1 in 8500 to 25000. Affected newborns have varying degrees of airway obstruction, often in association with gastroesophageal reflux and feeding difficulties. Intervention is mostly aimed at restoring a patent airway.Case Reports: Airway management in the infant with Pierre Robin sequence can be very challenging because of difficulty with mask ventilation and intubation. Our patient was a 4-year old boy with Robin sequence scheduled for dental repair under general anesthesia. He had a history of palate repair 3 years ago. After inhalation induction with sevofluran, nitrous-oxide in oxygen‚ under spontaneous ventilation, initial laryngeal view with the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope revealed Cormack-Lehane grade IIӀ due to restricted mouth opening and micrognathia. Nasal intubation for two times under the spontaneous respiration were unsuccessful. We fiberoptically intubated the patient with uncuffed tracheal tube (ID 5 mm) while allowing him to breathe spontaneously. Extubation was done with the patient fully awake and with emergency airway equipment immediately available. Postoperatively, he was transferred to intensive care unit where he could be observed closely for delayed complications of airway obstruction.Conclusion: Managing the airway of patients with craniofacial abnormalities can potentially be difficult. Therefore we recommend even simple treatment procedures to be carried out by experienced anesthesiologists, with a variety of different airway devices available such as flexible fiberoptic‚ Storz video laryngoscope and Airtraq optical laryngoscope.

This paper deals with the study of relaxed conditions for semi-local convergence for a general iterative method, k-step Newton's method, using Majorizing sequences. Dynamical behavior of the mentioned method is also analyzed via Julia set and basins of attraction. Numerical examples of nonlinear systems of equations will be examined to verify the given theory.

Background: Due to some problems of serological assays in diagnosis of patients infected with HIV-1 and HCV, the use of molecular assay has become widely accepted. However, molecular assays have a major drawback of high cost and dependency to expensive thermocycler instruments.Methods: This research described the development of a multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for the simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in plasma samples. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay has been evaluated using several clinical samples.Findings: The results showed that the primers used in this assay did not have any interactions with each other or with other possible interfering agents. The analytical sensitivity of this assay for both HIV-1 and HCV was calculated as 1000 copies/ml. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were considered as 90% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed multiplex NASBA assay can be used for simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV viruses with a suitable sensitivity and specificity. Due to easy application, multiplexity, and no need to thermocycler instruments, this assay can be used as a low cost method in laboratories with limited instruments.

Let {b (n)}¥n = -¥ be a sequence of positive numbers such that b(0) =1 and let 1<p<¥. We consider the space of all formal Laurent series f (z) = S¥n=-¥ f^ (n) zn such thatS¥n=-¥|f^ (n) |p b (n)p<¥.We investigate the supercyclicity with respect to a sequence on the Banach spaces of formal Laurent series.

In this paper, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) is employed to predict earthquake events based on two common approaches in sequence learning. In the first scenario, the task is defined as a sequence prediction problem, and consequently the MARS model is used as a predictor. In the second scenario, the same task is considered as a sequence recognition problem and the model of MARS, this time, is used as a binary classifier with results that could alternatively help to predict an earthquake event. Forecasting results of applying the methods to a cluster of seismic data on pacific ring of fire indicate that MARS as a binary classifier outperforms the predictor MARS. In fact, while both approaches are plausible, the best results are achieved when the earthquake prediction problem is considered as a sequence recognition task.

Motor sequence is central to much of human intelligent behavior. It is well known that such sequential skills involve chaining a number of primitive actions together. Coach use explicit knowledge about aim and method of execution of sport skill for athlete. The purpose of this research is evaluation the role of explicit knowledge on accuracy and speed of learning of motor sequence.In the first phase of research we design soft ware of serial reaction time task. This software registers errors and Response Time (RT) in response to sequential stimulus. We compare explicit (aware to sequence) (N=15) and implicit (unaware to sequence) (N=15) in two groups.ANOVA for compare response times and errors in different blocks and paired. Test for comparer regular and irregular blocks and independent T Test for compare implicit and explicit is used. Result show that RT decrease in both explicit and implicit group but error decrease only in explicit group. Errors in explicit group are lower than implicit one. RT decrease is similar in explicit and implicit group. In exact skills explicit learning is better but in quick skills it is no difference between explicit and implicit condition.

Durum wheat is one of the most important cereals that culture in the West of Iran in farm and dry land from long time. Recently, It was revised because of its high yield, adaptation to drought stress, dry and semidry climate. The study of genetic diversity progreses the program of plant breeding and conservation of germplasm. In this study 79 genotype of indigenous durum wheat from West and Northwest of Iran were used. The population using 10 primer combinations of SSAP analyzed .For determination of genetic diversity between population Na, Ne, H, I, A indices were used. Kermanshah had the most value in all of them, Ilam had the lowest Ne (1.3623) rate and Ardebil had the lowest Na(1.5753), I(.3270), H(.2229) and A(57.53%) value. Dendrogram constructed based on dissimilarity matrix from PopGene software using UPGMA algorithm in NTSYSpc software.

The objective of the current research was to make a character description of simple sequence repeats (SSR) derived from expressed sequence TAGs (EST) markers of dromedary camels (EST-SSR markers) and to conduct a practical analysis of these sequences for their application in comparative genomics and molecular genetics studies. A complete of 862 SSRs were discovered from 17155 EST sequences using the SSR Loca-tor software. 827 EST out of 17155 EST had SSRs, that 794 (96%), 31 (3. 8%) and 2 (0. 2%) of them con-tained 1, 2 and 3 SSRs, respectively. The dimeric motifs were the most abundant SSRs (38. 86%), followed by 27. 15%, 21. 46%, 6. 96%, and 5. 57% for tri-, hexa-, tetra-and pentameric motifs. The most plentiful dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer motif were AC/TG (54%), GCC/GGC (19. 2%), TTTA (13. 3%), AAAAG (10. 4%) and AACCAC (67. 6 %), respectively. BLASTX was used to examine the final non-redundant EST-SSRs. Almost all of EST-SSRs were found out to be protected in the macromolecule catabolic process and RNA processing and splicing. EST-SSR markers might be applied as a novel resource of useful markers in the biological survey. Also, these markers may be a valuable source for further molecular genetics and genomics research of camels and related species.